Wedding Engagement Rings婚礼定婚戒指

Diamonds Really Are Forever真的永远的钻石

A Reason to Choose Diamond Engagement Rings有理由选择钻石订婚戒指

by Margaret Burgon Klemp 玛格丽特Burgon克普

NW Ayers & Son, the public relations agency for the African based De Beers Consolidated Mines diamond cartel, coined the famous advertising slogan "A Diamond is Forever".净重艾尔斯父子，公共关系为非洲的德比尔斯联合矿业钻石卡特尔机构，创造了著名的广告语“钻石恒久远”。 It appears that were probably right.看来很可能是正确的。 Diamonds have been around for eternities.钻石大约是为来世。 The hard glittering stones were first mined as a precious gem in India, but diamonds can be found all over the world.闪闪发光的石头硬首次在印度开采作为珍贵宝石，但钻石可以在世界各地找到。

Diamonds first came to the earth's surface through volcanic eruptions.钻石首先来到地球的表面，通过火山爆发。 For millions of years they formed deep inside the core of the earth, and then flowed with the hot magma that burst out upon the vastness of the firmament as lava.数百万年内形成的，他们地核深处，然后用热岩浆爆发后的熔岩流入浩瀚苍穹。 They were first produced by volcanic activity about 1.2 billion years ago.他们首先产生约1.2亿年前的火山活动。 The actual formation of diamonds is supposed to have occurred around 400 million years ago.实际形成的钻石应该有大约400亿年前发生。 After eruptions the pieces of crystallized carbon did not lay at rest, but later when the earth began to cool and the oceans filled the basins the stones were carried by torrential rains to other areas.火山爆发后的结晶碳块并没有做好在休息，但后来当地球开始降温和海洋充满了的石头被运到暴雨其他地区盆地。 Then there was the possibility that deposits ended up in rivers and streams which eventually fed into larger bodies of water.然后是存款的可能性，最终在河流和溪流，最终进入较大水体喂养。 The journey of a single diamond to its' final resting place might have been a very long one.由于每一个菱形的'最后的安息之地的旅程，可能是一个非常漫长的。

Diamonds are made up of carbon and are the hardest of all known precious stones.钻石是由碳，是所有已知的最坚硬的宝石。 The word .diamond.这个词。钻石。 is derived from the Greek word "adamas" which means "unconquerable".来自希腊字“阿达姆斯”，意思是“不可战胜”。 Diamonds formed when solid matter became spheres.钻石时形成的固体物质变得领域。 This process was caused by the high temperature and pressure inside the earth, and crystallization of the carbon took place.这个过程是由于高温和地球内部的压力，碳结晶发生。 There are three types of deposits where diamonds are found: alluvial gravels, glacial tills and kimberlite pipes.存款有三种类型的地方被发现的钻石：冲积砾石，冰碛物和金伯利岩管。 Both alluvial gravels and glacial tills are released by glacial or liquid erosion of the kimberlite, and then redeposited in rivers and streams.这两个冲积砾石和冰碛物是冰川发表的金伯利岩或液体的侵蚀，然后再沉积在河流和溪流。 Kimberlite is an altered form of perdotite, and vertical "pipes" where diamonds are embedded can be found underneath the rock.金伯利岩是一种perdotite改变形式，纵向“管”，其中钻石嵌在岩石下可以找到。 A pipe is a roughly funnel-shaped extrusion of volcanic rock that can contain diamonds.阿管是一种​​火山岩大致可以包含钻石漏斗状挤压。

Diamonds were probably first thought to be unique about 5000 BC Dravidians arrived from Persia on India.s west coast in 2500 BC By 800 BC they had started mining for gold, and probably discovered diamonds by accident.钻石可能首先想到的是独一无二的约公元前5000年Dravidians从波斯来到西海岸的India.s公元前800年到公元前2500年，他们在黄金开采已经开始，并可能偶然发现的钻石。 India became the sole source for diamonds until they were discovered in Borneo in 600 AD The diamond was really not thought of as an ornamental item at that time.印度成为钻石的唯一来源，直到他们发现了公元600年在婆罗洲的钻石是真的没有想到当时作为观赏项目。 They were considered to have magical qualities because of the warmth that emits from them.他们被认为具有的温暖，因为从它们会发出神奇的特质。 Today we know that this is caused by the very high thermal conductivity of the stone.今天，我们知道，这是由非常高的石导热系数造成的。 Some religions of the time thought diamonds came from a God.在某些时候的宗教思想钻石从上帝而来的。 Buddhists believed that diamonds had ecstatic qualities, and Indian physicians used them to heal illness.佛教徒认为，钻石有欣喜若狂的素质，印度医生用它来治疗疾病。 Author Marian Fowler in Hope: Adventures of a Diamond quotes an early Sanskrit manual that dates back to 500 AD, .He who wears a diamond will see dangers recede from him whether he be threatened by serpents, fire, poison, sickness, thieves, flood or evil spirits..作者玛丽安福勒希望：钻石的探险报价早期梵文手册，可以追溯到公元500年，他谁穿一个钻石会从他身上看到危险退去，他是否被毒蛇，火灾，中毒，疾病，盗贼，洪水的威胁。或邪灵..

Fowler follows the trail of the famous Hope Diamond, and in doing so includes a lot of good information about diamonds and the whole diamond trade which exploded into Europe during the 17th century.福勒沿用了著名的希望钻石踪迹，并在这样做了良好的信息，包括关于钻石及钻石贸易的整体爆炸到欧洲，17世纪很多。 This is when a whole new business and industry was truly born.这是当一个全新的企业和行业是真正的诞生。 Diamonds originally became a commodity during the reign of Candragupta (321-298 BC), and they were traded to some extent.钻石最初成为期间Candragupta元年（公元前321-298）的商品，它们在一定程度上成交。 Romans believed that diamonds were a deterrent against poison, and they would eliminate hallucinations and calm the mind.罗马人认为钻石是一对毒威慑，他们将消除幻觉和冷静的头脑。 While smaller gems were traded outside the country the largest and finest diamonds stayed in India because rulers believed carrying them into battle would insure victory.而较小的宝石成交国外规模最大，最好的钻石，因为统治者在印度逗留相信他们将携带进入战斗胜利的保证。 But, trading diamonds on a large scale did not occur until India began negotiating with western traders.但是，在一个大型钻石交易没有发生，直到印度开始与西方商人的谈判。

One of the most notable of these was a French globetrotter and entrepreneur named Jean Baptiste Tavernier.的最显着的一个是法国的环球旅行家和企业家命名让巴蒂斯特塔弗尼尔。 Born in 1605, he was the son of an engraver and mapmaker. 1605年出生，他是一个雕刻和Mapmaker儿子。 His whole family ended up being involved as engravers or goldsmiths.他的整个家庭最终被作为雕刻或金饰参与。 His great love of travel came about because he listened to his father discuss geography and his maps with friends and clients.旅行中，伟大的爱是约，因为他听了他的父亲讨论地理和他的朋友和客户的地图。 He became fascinated with the Far East, and devoured every manuscript he could find on Marco Polo.他迷上了远东，手稿和吞噬一切，他可以找到马可波罗。 Marco Polo visited the famous Golconda mines in India.马可波罗访问了印度著名的宝山煤矿。 He recounted finding diamonds after the monsoon rains washed them from their clefts and hideaways in the mountains.他讲述了发现钻石后，从他们的季风降雨冲刷裂隙和他们在山里的藏身之处。

Tavernier learned several foreign languages, and started preparing the travel to the East.塔弗尼尔学会了多门外语，并开始准备向东流去旅行。 His first of five trips happened in 1638.他的五个班次首先发生在1638年。 Each trip lasted for 5 years each.每次历时5年，每年。 He went to Persia (modern day Iran) and bought pearls, rare fabrics and Persian rugs and brought them back to Europe and then sold them for a profit.他到波斯（今伊朗），买了珍珠，珍贵的面料和波斯地毯，带他们回到欧洲，然后再卖给他们的利润。 During this time he also apprenticed himself out to a Jewish jeweler in Paris to learn as much as he could about all types of precious gems.在此期间，他还当学徒自己在巴黎一个犹太珠宝商的学习和他一样多能对所有类型的宝石。 The goods that he advertised were in great demand in Europe, and he fashioned a very lucrative business in exotic items specializing in precious gems.广告的商品，他在欧洲的需求量很大，他在塑造外来商品宝石专业一个非常有利可图的生意。

He loved diamonds, and on his 4th trip to India he attempted to visit all the diamond mines there.他喜欢钻石，和他的第四的印度之行，他试图访问所有的钻石矿那里。 Tavernier bought the famous Hope Diamond at the Golconda mine, and upon returning to France sold it to King Louis XIV who called it .the blue diamond of the French crown..塔弗尼尔买在宝山矿著名的希望钻石，并要求回法国把它卖给了国王路易十四谁的说法。法国王冠蓝钻.. The rest is history.剩下的就是历史。 There is a whole legendary journey associated with this diamond that was supposed to have been cut by a sun god.这里有一整传奇之行，这说明本来已经削减了太阳神钻石有关。 There was a widespread belief that the stone was cursed.人们普遍认为，石头是诅咒。 All the owners had calamity befall them after the diamond came into their lives.所有的灾难降临到他们的业主有钻石后，把他们的生活来了。 It actually became The Hope Diamond when a British banker named TH Hope purchased it at an auction.它实际上成为了希望钻石命名时，英国银行家钍希望购买拍卖它。 It finally fell into the hands of Henry Winston who, instead of keeping it, donated it to the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, DC John Baptiste Tavernier became and extremely wealthy businessman, and was highly regarded all over Europe.它终于成为亨利温斯顿谁的手中，而不是保持它，将它捐赠给华盛顿史密森学会下跌，直流约翰巴蒂斯特塔弗尼尔变得极其富有的商人，并于欧洲各地的高度重视。 However, his most important contribution was fostering a whole new industry which is still thriving today.然而，他最重要的贡献是培养了一个全新的产业，今天仍然是蓬勃发展。

India was the center of the diamond world until the 18th century when the stones started turning up in other areas of the world such as South America and Africa.印度是世界钻石中心，直到18世纪时开始转动的石头在世界其他地区，如南美和非洲建立。

Many now enjoy this symbolization in their relationships by using diamond engagement rings or diamond wedding rings to say their love is forever too.现在，许多人喜欢用他们的关系被这个象征钻石订婚戒指或结婚戒指的钻石说他们的爱情是永恒。

Bibliography 参考书目

Gems: A Lively Guide for the Casual Collector , by Daniel J. Dennis Jr., Henry N. Abrams, Incorporated, New York, New York 宝石：一个随便的收藏生动指南 ，由丹尼尔J丹尼斯小，亨利北路艾布拉姆斯，公司，纽约，纽约

Gemstones: Symbols of Beauty and Power , by Eduard Gubelin and Franz-Xaver Erni, Geoscience Press, Tucson, Arizona 宝石：美和权力的象征 ，由爱德华Gubelin和Franz - Xaver埃尔尼，地质大学出版社，图森，亚利桑那州

Hope: Adventures of a Diamond , by Marian Fowler, The Ballentine Publishing Group, New York, New York 希望：钻石历险记一 ，由玛丽安福勒的巴伦坦出版集团，纽约州，纽约

About Debeer's on Wikipedia 关于Debeer的维基百科