Wedding Engagement Rings婚禮定婚戒指

Diamonds Really Are Forever真的永遠的鑽石

A Reason to Choose Diamond Engagement Rings有理由選擇鑽石訂婚戒指

by Margaret Burgon Klemp 瑪格麗特Burgon克普

NW Ayers & Son, the public relations agency for the African based De Beers Consolidated Mines diamond cartel, coined the famous advertising slogan "A Diamond is Forever".淨重艾爾斯父子，公共關係機構對非洲的德比爾斯聯合礦業鑽石卡特爾，創造了著名的廣告語“鑽石恆久遠”。 It appears that were probably right.看來很可能是正確的。 Diamonds have been around for eternities.鑽石大約是為來世。 The hard glittering stones were first mined as a precious gem in India, but diamonds can be found all over the world.閃閃發光的石頭硬首次作為珍貴的寶石開採在印度，但鑽石可以找到世界各地。

Diamonds first came to the earth's surface through volcanic eruptions.鑽石首先來到地球的表面，通過火山爆發。 For millions of years they formed deep inside the core of the earth, and then flowed with the hot magma that burst out upon the vastness of the firmament as lava.對於數百萬年來，他們內心深處形成對地球的​​核心，然後流與熱岩漿爆發後，浩瀚蒼穹的熔岩。 They were first produced by volcanic activity about 1.2 billion years ago.他們首先由火山活動產生約 1.2億年前。 The actual formation of diamonds is supposed to have occurred around 400 million years ago.實際形成的鑽石被認為已發生約 400萬年前。 After eruptions the pieces of crystallized carbon did not lay at rest, but later when the earth began to cool and the oceans filled the basins the stones were carried by torrential rains to other areas.火山噴發後的碎片結晶碳並沒有做好在休息，但後來當地球開始降溫和海洋盆地的石頭充滿了暴雨進行到其他地區。 Then there was the possibility that deposits ended up in rivers and streams which eventually fed into larger bodies of water.然後是存款的可能性，最終在河流和溪流，最終反饋到較大的天體水。 The journey of a single diamond to its' final resting place might have been a very long one.這次旅行的一個菱形的'最後的歸宿可能是一個非常漫長的。

Diamonds are made up of carbon and are the hardest of all known precious stones.鑽石是由碳，是所有已知的最堅硬的寶石。 The word .diamond.這個詞。鑽石。 is derived from the Greek word "adamas" which means "unconquerable".來自希臘字“阿達姆斯”，意思是“不可戰勝”。 Diamonds formed when solid matter became spheres.鑽石時形成的固體物質變得領域。 This process was caused by the high temperature and pressure inside the earth, and crystallization of the carbon took place.這個過程所造成的高溫高壓的地球內部，和結晶碳發生。 There are three types of deposits where diamonds are found: alluvial gravels, glacial tills and kimberlite pipes.有三種類型的存款鑽石的地方發現：沖積礫石，冰磧物和金伯利岩管。 Both alluvial gravels and glacial tills are released by glacial or liquid erosion of the kimberlite, and then redeposited in rivers and streams.這兩個沖積礫石和冰磧物是冰川發表或液體侵蝕的金伯利岩，然後再沉積在河流和溪流。 Kimberlite is an altered form of perdotite, and vertical "pipes" where diamonds are embedded can be found underneath the rock.金伯利岩是一種改變的形式perdotite，垂直“管”，其中鑽石嵌入可以發現下面的岩石。 A pipe is a roughly funnel-shaped extrusion of volcanic rock that can contain diamonds.管道是一個大致漏斗狀火山岩石擠壓可以包含鑽石。

Diamonds were probably first thought to be unique about 5000 BC Dravidians arrived from Persia on India.s west coast in 2500 BC By 800 BC they had started mining for gold, and probably discovered diamonds by accident.鑽石可能首先想到的是獨一無二的約公元前5000年Dravidians從波斯來到西海岸的India.s在公元前2500年到公元前800年，他們已經開始開採黃金，鑽石，可能發現意外。 India became the sole source for diamonds until they were discovered in Borneo in 600 AD The diamond was really not thought of as an ornamental item at that time.印度成為鑽石的唯一來源，直到他們在婆羅洲發現了公元600年的鑽石是真的沒有想到作為觀賞項目在那個時候。 They were considered to have magical qualities because of the warmth that emits from them.他們被認為具有神奇的素質，因為從他們身上散發溫暖。 Today we know that this is caused by the very high thermal conductivity of the stone.今天，我們知道，這是由非常高的熱導率的石頭。 Some religions of the time thought diamonds came from a God.一些宗教思想的時間鑽石來自上帝。 Buddhists believed that diamonds had ecstatic qualities, and Indian physicians used them to heal illness.佛教徒認為，鑽石有欣喜若狂的素質，印度醫生用它來治療疾病。 Author Marian Fowler in Hope: Adventures of a Diamond quotes an early Sanskrit manual that dates back to 500 AD, .He who wears a diamond will see dangers recede from him whether he be threatened by serpents, fire, poison, sickness, thieves, flood or evil spirits..作者瑪麗安福勒希望：冒險的鑽石報價早期梵文手冊，可以追溯到公元500年。他誰穿的鑽石會看到危險退去從他是否會受到威脅的蛇，火災，中毒，疾病，盜賊，水災或邪靈 ..

Fowler follows the trail of the famous Hope Diamond, and in doing so includes a lot of good information about diamonds and the whole diamond trade which exploded into Europe during the 17th century.福勒如下線索著名的希望鑽石，並在這樣做有諸多好處，包括有關鑽石和鑽石貿易的整體爆炸到歐洲在17世紀。 This is when a whole new business and industry was truly born.這是當一個全新的企業和行業是真正的誕生。 Diamonds originally became a commodity during the reign of Candragupta (321-298 BC), and they were traded to some extent.鑽石最初成為一種商品的Candragupta在位期間（321-298年），他們被交易到一定程度。 Romans believed that diamonds were a deterrent against poison, and they would eliminate hallucinations and calm the mind.羅馬人認為鑽石是一種威懾打擊毒，他們將消除幻覺和冷靜的頭腦。 While smaller gems were traded outside the country the largest and finest diamonds stayed in India because rulers believed carrying them into battle would insure victory.而較小的寶石成交國外規模最大，最好的鑽石，因為住在印度的統治者認為他們進入戰鬥會進行投保的勝利。 But, trading diamonds on a large scale did not occur until India began negotiating with western traders.不過，交易鑽石大規模沒有發生，直到印度開始談判與西方商人。

One of the most notable of these was a French globetrotter and entrepreneur named Jean Baptiste Tavernier.其中最顯著的，這些是法國環球旅行家和企業家命名讓巴蒂斯特塔弗尼爾。 Born in 1605, he was the son of an engraver and mapmaker.出生於 1605年，他的兒子是雕刻和Mapmaker。 His whole family ended up being involved as engravers or goldsmiths.他的整個家庭最終被捲入或金飾作為雕刻。 His great love of travel came about because he listened to his father discuss geography and his maps with friends and clients.他的偉大的愛的旅行，因為他是約聽了他的父親和他討論地理地圖與朋友和客戶。 He became fascinated with the Far East, and devoured every manuscript he could find on Marco Polo.他迷上了遠東，手稿和吞噬一切，他可以找到馬可波羅。 Marco Polo visited the famous Golconda mines in India.馬可波羅參觀了著名的寶山礦在印度。 He recounted finding diamonds after the monsoon rains washed them from their clefts and hideaways in the mountains.他講述了發現鑽石後，季風降雨沖刷他們從他們的裂隙和藏身之處的山區。

Tavernier learned several foreign languages, and started preparing the travel to the East.塔弗尼爾學會了多門外語，並開始準備前往該地區。 His first of five trips happened in 1638.他第一次發生在1638年五人次。 Each trip lasted for 5 years each.每次歷時 5年，每年。 He went to Persia (modern day Iran) and bought pearls, rare fabrics and Persian rugs and brought them back to Europe and then sold them for a profit.他到波斯（今伊朗），買了珍珠，珍貴的面料和波斯地毯，帶他們回到歐洲，然後再賣給他們的利潤。 During this time he also apprenticed himself out to a Jewish jeweler in Paris to learn as much as he could about all types of precious gems.在此期間，他還當學徒顯示自己在巴黎的一個猶太珠寶商的學習和他一樣多能對所有類型的寶石。 The goods that he advertised were in great demand in Europe, and he fashioned a very lucrative business in exotic items specializing in precious gems.廣告的商品，他在歐洲的需求量很大，而且他塑造一個非常有利可圖的業務在外來商品專業寶石。

He loved diamonds, and on his 4th trip to India he attempted to visit all the diamond mines there.他喜歡鑽石，和他的第四的印度之行，他試圖訪問所有的鑽石礦那裡。 Tavernier bought the famous Hope Diamond at the Golconda mine, and upon returning to France sold it to King Louis XIV who called it .the blue diamond of the French crown..塔弗尼爾買了著名的希望鑽石在寶山礦，回國後把它賣給了法國國王路易十四誰的說法。藍色鑽石王冠的法國 .. The rest is history.剩下的就是歷史。 There is a whole legendary journey associated with this diamond that was supposed to have been cut by a sun god.這裡有一整傳奇旅程金剛石與此相關的是應該有被削減了太陽神。 There was a widespread belief that the stone was cursed.人們普遍認為，石頭是詛咒。 All the owners had calamity befall them after the diamond came into their lives.所有的災難降臨到他們的業主有鑽石後，走進他們的生活。 It actually became The Hope Diamond when a British banker named TH Hope purchased it at an auction.它實際上成為了希望鑽石命名時，英國銀行家釷希望購買它在拍賣。 It finally fell into the hands of Henry Winston who, instead of keeping it, donated it to the Smithsonian Institute in Washington, DC John Baptiste Tavernier became and extremely wealthy businessman, and was highly regarded all over Europe.它最後落入誰手的亨利溫斯頓，而不是保持它，將它捐贈給史密森學會在華盛頓約翰巴蒂斯特塔弗尼爾成為極其富有的商人，並在歐洲各地高度重視。 However, his most important contribution was fostering a whole new industry which is still thriving today.然而，他最重要的貢獻是培養了一個全新的產業，今天仍然是蓬勃發展。

India was the center of the diamond world until the 18th century when the stones started turning up in other areas of the world such as South America and Africa.印度是世界鑽石中心直到18世紀時，在石頭開始轉向了世界其他地區，如南美和非洲。

Many now enjoy this symbolization in their relationships by using diamond engagement rings or diamond wedding rings to say their love is forever too.現在，許多人在享受這種象徵的關係用鑽石訂婚戒指或結婚戒指的鑽石說他們的愛情是永恆。

Bibliography 參考書目

Gems: A Lively Guide for the Casual Collector , by Daniel J. Dennis Jr., Henry N. Abrams, Incorporated, New York, New York 寶石：生動指南隨便的收藏者 ，由丹尼爾J丹尼斯小，亨利北路艾布拉姆斯，公司，紐約，紐約

Gemstones: Symbols of Beauty and Power , by Eduard Gubelin and Franz-Xaver Erni, Geoscience Press, Tucson, Arizona 寶石：美與力的象徵 ，由愛德華Gubelin和Franz - Xaver埃爾尼，地質大學出版社，圖森，亞利桑那州

Hope: Adventures of a Diamond , by Marian Fowler, The Ballentine Publishing Group, New York, New York 希望：冒險的鑽石 ，由瑪麗安福勒的巴倫坦出版集團，紐約州，紐約

About Debeer's on Wikipedia 關於Debeer的維基百科